COP31 at the Crossroads: Security, Development and the Fight over Fossil Fuels
COP31’s agenda is being reshaped by security framing, development priorities and tactical diplomacy. Here’s a pragmatic roadmap to land supply‑side fossil measures—through methane and waste wins, just‑transition finance, buyer‑seller coalitions and transparency rules—that can translate Switzerland’s technical phase‑out blueprint into concrete outcomes despite Türkiye’s and the EU’s shifting positions.